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In preparation for its 2019-2022 Country Partnership Framework with South Africa, the World Bank Group has drafted a Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) which forms the basis of this book. Its aim is to strengthen understanding of the constraints in achieving two goals in South Africa: to eliminate poverty by 2030, and to boost shared prosperity. These goals are enshrined in South Africa’s Vision 2030 in the National Development Plan.
This book is the result of consultations and conversations with key government departments, the National Planning Commission, the private sector, academics and trade unions. It identifies five broad policy priorities: to build South Africa’s skills base; to reduce the highly skewed distribution of land and productive assets; to increase competitiveness and the country’s participation in global and regional value chains; to overcome apartheid spatial patterns; and to increase the country’s strategic adaptation to climate change. The key obstacle to growth that has been identified is ‘the legacy of exclusion’.
Undoing this is a long-term process, but renewed commitment by the political leadership to strengthen institutions and rebuild the social contract present an enormous opportunity in achieving progress towards South Africa’s Vision 2030.
Every year, the World Bank's World Development Report (WDR)
features a topic of central importance to global development. The
2018 edition - LEARNING to Realize Education's Promise - is the
first ever devoted entirely to education.
The World Development Report 2006: Equity and Opportunity presents
a social development strategy organized around the themes of social
inclusion, cohesion, and accountability. It examines equality of
opportunities--a potentially important factor affecting both the
workings of the investment
environment and the empowerment of the poor--by building on and
extending existing accountability frameworks presented in the 2005
Report.
The Report is divided into three parts. Part I describes patterns
of inequality in a range of variables both at the national and
global level-incomes, educational achievements, health indicators,
power, and influence. Part II highlights reasons why some levels of
inequality in the variables
presented in Part I may be too high-whether for intrinsic reasons
or because they harm the attainment of competing values, such as
the level of goods and services in the economy. Part III discusses
policies that affect the relationship between equity and the
development process at a national and
global level. This section includes policies that could help reduce
the levels of some intermediate inequalities and focuses on
circumstances in which these polices form the basis for more rapid
overall development and faster poverty reduction.
Now in its twenty-eighth edition, the World Development Report
offers practical insights for policymakers, business developers,
economic advisers, researchers, and professionals in the media and
in non-governmental organizations. It is also an essential
supplement to economic and development courses
in both academic and professional settings.
According to the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study, air pollution
from fine particulate matter caused 6.4 million premature deaths
and 93 billion days lived with illness in 2019. Over the past
decade, the toll of ambient air pollution has continued to rise.
Air pollution's significant health, social, and economic effects
compel the World Bank to support client countries in addressing air
pollution as a core development challenge. This publication
estimates that the global cost of health damages associated with
exposure to air pollution is $8.1 trillion, equivalent to 6.1
percent of global GDP. People in low- and middle-income countries
are most affected by mortality and morbidity from air pollution.
The death rate associated with air pollution is significantly
higher in low-and lower-middle income countries than in high-income
countries. This publication further develops the evidence base for
air-quality management through up-to-date estimates of air
pollution's global economic costs. The analyses presented here
build on previous cost estimates by the Bank and its partners, as
well as on more comprehensive air-quality data from monitoring
stations in many cities across the world. By providing monetary
estimates of air pollution's health damages, this publication aims
to support policy makers and decision-makers in client countries in
prioritizing air pollution amid competing development challenges.
Its findings build a robust economic case to invest scarce
budgetary resources in the design and implementation of policies
and interventions for improving air quality. Such investments will
deliver benefits for societies at large, and particularly for
vulnerable groups. This publication builds a strong case for
scaling up investments for air pollution control in low-and
middle-income countries.
This report documents the productivity trends in Sub-Saharan Africa
at three different dimensions; namely, the aggregate level, the
sectoral level, and the establishment level. It characterizes the
evolution of productivity in the region vis-Ã -vis other
countries and regions as well as country groups in Africa
classified by their degree of natural resources abundance and
condition of fragility. The core of this volume rests upon the
assessment of the implications on aggregate productivity of
production decisions across agricultural farms and manufacturing
firms in Sub-Saharan Africa. It produces and gathers evidence on
aggregate productivity from the perspective of production units,
using recent household surveys for farmers and firm-level surveys
for select African countries, and frontier estimation techniques.
The empirical work presented in this volume can provide further
guidance for productivity analysis and the design of a policy
agenda for the region.
This publication briefly describes the processes and methodologies
for building and sustaining multistakeholder coalition to drive
reforms in the health sector. It is based on the experiences of
three East African countries Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya. It
outlines, by chapter, each country s experience in identifying,
mobilizing, and coalescing key stakeholders to address governance
bottlenecks in pharmaceutical procurement and supply chain
management . It highlights challenges, successes as well as lessons
learned to guide other countries."
Looking for accurate, up-to-date data on development issues? World
Development Indicators is the World Bank's premier annual
compilation of data about development. This indispensable
statistical reference allows you to consult over 800 indicators for
more than 150 economies and 14 country groups in more than 90
tables. It provides a current overview of the most recent data
available as well as important regional data and income group
analysis in six thematic sections: World View, People, Environment,
Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. World Development
Indicators 2011 presents the most current and accurate development
data on both a national level and aggregated globally. It allows
you to monitor the progress made toward meeting the Millennium
Development Goals endorsed by the United Nations and its member
countries, the World Bank, and a host of partner organizations.
These goals, which focus on development and the elimination of
poverty, serve as the agenda for international development efforts.
The World Development Indicators CD-ROM included in this package
set contains time series data for more than 200 economies from
1960-2009, single-year observations, and spreadsheets on many
topics. It contains more than 1,000 country tables and the text
from the World Development Indicators 2011 print edition.
This report presents an update to the Human Capital Index (HCI),
using the most recent health and education data available as of
2020. It documents new evidence on trends over time in the HCI,
examples of success, and new analytical work on utilization of
human capital, as well as a primer on the COVID-19 (coronavirus)
pandemic and its potential impact on human capital. COVID-19 is
taking a tremendous toll on lives and economies. Disruptions in
supply chains and the lockdowns that have been enacted to stave off
contagion are putting hardship on families' incomes. Coupled with
disruptions in basic health services and school closures, these
repercussions of COVID shocks are likely to have a significant
impact on the human capital accumulation process in the short and
in the long run. HCI 2020 data have been collected before the onset
of COVID-19 and can act as a baseline to track the effects of
COVID-19 on health and education outcomes, as policymakers consider
how best to protect human capital from the shock of the pandemic.
What needs to be done to enable the domestic private sector to
expand its role in the provision of safe water and improved
sanitation to the poor in developing countries? Is an expanded role
constrained because there is limited market potential, or is the
problem the fact that business models cannot support an expansion
of supply? Are government policies and the investment climate
making expansion too costly or risky for enterprises to scale up
their operations? This book presents the results of a detailed
examination of market opportunities for the domestic private sector
in the provision of piped water and on-site sanitation services in
rural and semi-urban areas and of the commercial, policy and
investment climate that affect the response to these opportunities.
It is based on case studies conducted in Bangladesh, Benin,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Peru and Tanzania. The results of focus group
discussions with poor households, surveys of enterprises directly
serving poor households and analysis of the supply chains that
support them provide insights into the nature of demand for
services, the prevailing business models adopted by enterprises and
the impact of policy on decisions to invest or expand operations.
The issues preventing the large market for providing poor and
nonpoor households with piped water and on-site sanitation differ
in important ways. This book therefore addresses the two sectors
separately. The first part of the book analyses the challenges
facing domestic providers of piped water in Bangladesh, Benin and
Cambodia, countries where very different models of private
provision have emerged in response to differing approaches taken by
government. The second part analyses providers of on-site
sanitation services in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Peru and Tanzania,
where the models are similar and all providers face demand- and
supply-side challenges that are largely unaffected by government
policy. This book will be of interest to governments and their
multilateral and bilateral development partners, as well as local
and international nongovernment agencies concerned with reducing
the heavy toll that lack of access to safe water and hygienic
sanitation is imposing on poor people around the world. It proposes
recommendations that each of these actors can adopt to harness the
entrepreneurial capabilities of the domestic private sector to
address this continuing challenge.
Women, Business and the Law 2022 is the eighth in a series of
annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect
women's economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents
eight indicators structured around women's interactions with the
law as they move through their careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay,
Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. Amid a
global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality,
'Women, Business and the Law 2022' identifies barriers to women's
economic participation and encourages reform of discriminatory
laws. This year, the study also includes pilot research related to
childcare and implementation of the law. By examining the economic
decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the
pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law
makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions
about the state of women's economic empowerment. The indicators
build evidence of the critical relationship between legal gender
equality and women's employment and entrepreneurship. Data in
'Women, Business and the Law 2022' are current as of October 1,
2021.
Every year, the World Bank's World Development Report (WDR)
features a topic of central importance to global development. The
2018 edition - Learning to Realize Education's Promise - is the
first ever devoted entirely to education.
This book summarizes the key findings and policy recommendations of
a comprehensive diagnosis of a Public Expenditure Management and
Financial Accountability Review (PEMFAR). The PEMFAR is an exercise
which integrates the analysis of a Public Expenditure Review, a
Country Financial Accountability Assessment, and a Country
Procurement Assessment Report. The analysis focuses on the linkages
between public finance, growth, and poverty. Over the past years,
Haiti has made good progress in reforming its public financial
management system. However, significant challenges remain to
improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability. Moreover, the
growth-poverty response of the improved system has been limited.
Haiti remains one the poorest countries in the world. Accelerating
growth and reducing poverty will require bold policy actions with a
strong emphasis on fiscal reforms. However, even with the best
fiscal reforms, it is unlikely that Haiti will achieve in the near
future the high growth rates required to significantly move the
country out of the poverty trap. More foreign aid and predictable
flows are needed to support economic growth and help overcome some
of the vicious dynamic circles that lock Haiti in a low growth/high
poverty equilibrium, and improve living standards. In this context,
effective management of aid flows is crucial to ensure that their
potential growth-enhancing, poverty-reducing, and human
development-improving effects materialize.
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